Bradley, Tom

in full Thomas Bradley

(born December 29, 1917, Calvert, Texas, U.S.—died September 29, 1998, Los Angeles, California) American politician, the first African American mayor of a predominantly white city, who served an unprecedented five terms as mayor of Los Angeles (1973–93).

The son of sharecroppers and the grandson of slaves, Bradley grew up in poverty. When he was seven years old, his parents moved to Los Angeles. Excelling at track and football, Bradley entered the University of California, Los Angeles, on an athletic scholarship but left without a degree in 1940 to join the Los Angeles police department. While an officer, he took a law degree at Southwestern University in 1956. Over 21 years he rose through the ranks to become a lieutenant, the highest rank achieved to that time by an African American. He became active in the Democratic Party, and in 1963 he reached another milestone when he became the first African American member to be elected to the Los Angeles city council, representing a racially mixed district.

His first mayoral campaign was in 1969; the city was still recovering from the Watts riots of 1965, and his defeat was attributed to a perception of him, fostered by his rival the incumbent Sam Yorty, as a militant radical. In 1973, however, he defeated Yorty after establishing the support of a coalition with white voters. Bradley was reelected four times. He attempted to run for governor twice without success.

Bradley's achievements included securing the 1984 Summer Olympic Games for Los Angeles and presiding over two decades of expansion and civic growth. In 1989 questions were raised about the consulting fees he accepted from firms doing business with the city. Although he avoided criminal indictment, civil charges were filed against him, and he was fined. The biggest crisis of Bradley's career came in 1992 in the wake of the acquittal of four white police officers who had been indicted for the beating of Rodney King, a black motorist, in an incident caught on videotape. Five days of rioting ensued in which more than 50 persons were killed, thousands injured, and widespread arson and looting occurred. Bradley was widely criticized for his failure to contain the crisis and did not seek a further term.